近来，美国政府变本加厉地指责中国“隐瞒疫情”。但美国疫情发展到今天，真的是他们没有得到正确的信息，以至无法及时应对吗？

综合外媒报道，在3月13日美国宣布正式采取保持社交距离的措施之前，特朗普曾多次忽视幕僚的警告，致使美国一再错失防疫的重要时间点，病毒得以毫无阻碍地传播数周。

我们梳理了一条时间线，看看特朗普政府在疫情蔓延的过程中到底做了什么、说了什么。

美国政府防控时间线

12月31日美疾控中心了解到中国出现集中病例

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) learn of a cluster of cases in China.

美国疾控中心了解到中国出现集中病例。

1月1日

The CDC begins developing reports for the Department of Health and Human Services about the situation.

美疾控中心开始向美国卫生和公共服务部就该情况发送报告。

1月3日中方向美方通报疫情信息

Since January 3, China has been notifying the US side of epidemic developments, prevention and control measures on a regular basis.

中方开始定期向美方通报疫情信息和防控举措。

1月初美情报机构开始跟踪报告疫情

US intelligence officials begin offering ominous, classified warnings about the virus to Trump in the President’s Daily Brief. The warnings will persist into February.

美国情报官员开始在呈交总统的每日简报中发出有关该病毒凶险走势的机密警报。这类警报一直持续到二月。

1月8日美疾控中心发布首个警报

China initially identifies a new coronavirus as the cause of the epidemic.

中方初步确认新冠病毒为疫情病原。

The CDC issues its first public warning about the outbreak in China, saying that it is monitoring the situation and that people should take precautions when traveling to Wuhan.

美国疾控中心发布首个关于中国疫情的警报，称其正对疫情进行监控，提醒前往武汉的美国人提高警惕。

1月18日特朗普收到疫情通报

The health secretary, Alex Azar, calls Trump at his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida and briefs him on the coronavirus threat but Trump interjects to ask him about a federal crackdown on vaping.

卫生和公共服务部部长亚历克斯·阿扎尔给在佛罗里达海湖庄园的特朗普打电话，向他汇报新冠肺炎的危险性，但特朗普打断他，转而询问联邦政府打压电子烟的情况。

1月20日美国确诊首例新冠肺炎病例

First confirmed US case of coronavirus announced in Washington state.

华盛顿州确诊美国第一例新冠肺炎病例。

1月22日特朗普：一切都在控制之下

Trump makes his first comments about the coronavirus, saying he is not concerned about a pandemic. “We have it totally under control. It's one person coming in from China, and we have it under control. It's going to be just fine.”

特朗普首次谈到新冠病毒，称不担心会发生大流行病。“一切都在我们的控制之下。只不过是一个从中国来的人，我们已经控制住局面了。一切都会没事的。”

1月23日武汉封城

Wuhan epidemic prevention and control headquarters issue a notice to shut down the city's outbound channels at airports and railway stations starting 10 am on Jan 23.

武汉疫情防控指挥部发布1号通告，10时起机场、火车站离汉通道暂时关闭。

1月25日特朗普发推特赞扬中国抗疫

President Trump tweets that China has been working very hard to contain the coronavirus. The US greatly appreciates China's efforts and transparency.

特朗普发推特称，中国人民一直在非常努力地遏制新型冠状病毒，美国非常欣赏中方的努力和透明度。

1月29日白宫贸易顾问发出警告

Economic adviser Peter Navarro warns the national security council in a memo that coronavirus could kill half a million Americans and deliver a $5.7tn hit to the economy.

贸易顾问彼得·纳瓦罗在一份备忘录中警告国家安全委员会，称新冠疫情可能会导致多达50万人死亡，并造成5.7万亿美元的经济损失。

1月30日卫生官员发出警告，特朗普：“危言耸听”

WHO announces that the outbreak had become a "public health emergency of international concern over the global outbreak of novel coronavirus."

世卫组织宣布新冠肺炎疫情为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。

Azar, the health secretary, again warns Trump about the looming threat. Taking Azar’s call aboard Air Force One en route to a campaign rally,Trump dismisses him as “alarmist”, the New York Times reported.

卫生和公共服务部部长亚历克斯·阿扎尔再次警告特朗普有可能暴发疫情。《纽约时报》称，特朗普当时正乘坐“空军一号”前往参加一个竞选集会，他不予理会，称其危言耸听。

当天，特朗普在推特上说，正和中国等国家就新冠疫情展开密切合作，美国只有5人感染，都在恢复中。

特朗普推特截图，时间为中国时间

1月31日美国采取对中国的旅行禁令

USdeclares a public health emergency. Trump announces a ban on entry to the US for foreign nationals who had recently visited China.

美国进入公共卫生紧急状态。特朗普宣布禁止近期到过中国的外国人进入美国。

2月7日中美两国元首通电话

President Trump makes positive comments on China's response to the outbreak and tweeted on the same day that great discipline was taking place in China and it will be a very successful operation. The US is working closely with China.

特朗普在通话中对中国应对疫情举措给予积极评价，并在当天发推特称，中国正在采取严格的防控，将会取得成功。我们正在与中国密切合作。

2月10日特朗普：“到了四月，病毒会奇迹般消失”

At a campaign rally in Manchester, N.H., Trump says: "Looks like by April, you know, in theory, when it gets a little warmer, it miraculously goes away. I hope that's true. But we're doing great in our country."

特朗普在新罕布什尔州曼彻斯特一次竞选集会上说，“理论上来说，到了四月天气变暖以后，病毒会奇迹般消失。我希望这是真的，不过我们国家做得非常好。”

2月14日卫生官员拟防疫措施备忘录，计划向总统汇报，然而会议被取消

A memo is drafted by health officials and the National Security Council about the potential need for “quarantine and isolation measures to combat the virus," per the New York Times, but a scheduled meeting to brief Trump on the plan is later canceled.

据《纽约时报》报道，卫生官员和国家安全委员会拟好一份备忘录，指出有必要采取“隔离措施抗击病毒”，但原定向特朗普汇报抗疫措施的会议计划被取消。

2月21日白宫举行演习，模拟疫情暴发响应

The White House coronavirus task force conducts a mock response to a pandemic and concludes that mass social distancing will be needed, per the Times.

据《纽约时报》报道，白宫新冠病毒工作组举行了一场大流行病模拟演习，得出结论，大规模保持社交距离的措施势在必行。

2月23日贸易顾问发出“全面暴发大流行病”警告

Another Navarro memo warns of an “increasing probability of a full-blown COVID-19 pandemic that could infect as many as 100 million Americans, with a loss of life of as many as 1-2 million souls.”

贸易顾问彼得·纳瓦罗在一份备忘录中警告，一场新冠肺炎大流行病全面暴发的可能性越来越大，可能感染1亿美国人，死亡人数或高达100万到200万。

2月24日特朗普：美国控制得很好

Trump says: “The Coronavirus is very much under control in the USA. … Stock Market starting to look very good to me!”

特朗普说：“新冠肺炎在美国被控制得很好……股票形势看起来也不错了！”

2月27日美国参议院情报委员会主席从疫情简报中了解到，新冠疫情传播性极强

Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr, who had received briefings on the threat, tells a private luncheon that the coronavirus is “much more aggressive in its transmission than anything that we have seen in recent history” and“is probably more akin to the 1918 [influenza] pandemic,” in which 50 million or more people died worldwide.

美国参议院情报委员会主席理查德·伯尔获得疫情简报后，在一次私人午宴上说，新冠病毒“比近些年来任何病毒的传播性都更强”，“或许堪比1918大流感”，1918大流感中全球有5000万或以上的人死亡。

2月28日

The WHO raises the global risk of the coronavirus from "high" to "very high."

世界卫生组织将新冠肺炎全球风险级别从“高”提至“非常高”。

2月29日美国报告第一例死亡病例

The US marks its first confirmed coronavirus death, a man in his 50s near Seattle.

美国报告第一例新冠肺炎死亡病例，是一名来自西雅图附近的五十多岁男子。

Almost six weeks after the first case of coronavirus was confirmed, the Food and Drug Administration allows laboratories and hospitals to conduct their own COVID-19 tests to speed up the process.

在美国第一例确诊病例出现近6周后，美国食品药品监督管理局终于放开权限让各地实验室和医院进行自主新冠病毒检测，以加快检测速度。

3月3日

The CDC lifts restrictions on coronavirus testing.

美国疾控中心解除有关新冠病毒检测的各项限制。

3月5日

Trump tweets: “Highest rating ever.”

特朗普推特：我的支持率前所未有地高。

3月12日疾控中心仅完成4000多次病毒检测

In a news conference on March 9, White House officials say the United States will have tested 1 million people that week and thereafter perform 4m tests per week.

在3月9日的一场新闻发布会上，白宫官员称美国当周将完成对100万人的检测，此后每周检测400万次。

Through March12, the federal CDC had completed 4,000 tests – not 4m.

直到3月12日，疾控中心完成了4000多次检测，而不是400万次。

3月10日特朗普：“我们做得非常好”

In a meeting with Republican senators at the US Capitol, Trump says, "This was unexpected. ... And it hit the world. And we're prepared, and we're doing a great job with it. And it will go away. Just stay calm. It will go away."

在国会山与共和党参议院开会时，特朗普说，“出乎意料。疫情冲击了全世界，但我们做好了准备，我们做得非常好。疫情会过去，保持冷静。会过去的。”

3月11日世卫组织宣布新冠肺炎全球大流行

Tedros says the WHO has "made the assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic."

谭德塞称世卫组织作出评估，新冠肺炎已具有大流行病的特征。

3月13日美国宣布进入国家紧急状态（确诊病例：2700）

Trump declares a national emergency.

特朗普宣布美国进入国家紧急状态。

Asked at his press conference by a reporter whether he should take responsibility for the failure to disseminate larger quantities of tests earlier, Trump declined."I don't take responsibility at all," he said.

在新闻发布会上，记者问他是否为早期没有大规模分发检测试剂盒而承担责任。特朗普否认说：“我一点责任也没有。”

3月20日外媒：美国各联邦机构统一口径指责中国“隐瞒疫情”

The White House is launching a communications plan across multiple federal agencies that focuses on accusing Beijing of orchestrating a “cover-up” and creating a global pandemic, according to two US officials and a government cable obtained by The Daily Beast.

《每日野兽报》获取的政府电报和两名美国官员的消息称，白宫正要求多个联邦机构统一口径，集中力量指责中国政府“隐瞒疫情”，导致这场全球大流行病。

3月25日蓬佩奥提议把“武汉病毒”写进G7联合声明，多国反对

At a press availability after the Virtual G7 Ministerial, US Secretary of State Pompeo renewed his attacks on China's political system and once again referred to the coronavirus as "the Wuhan virus".

七国集团外长举行视频会议，美国国务卿蓬佩奥在会后记者会上继续攻击中国政治制度，并再次将新冠病毒称为“武汉病毒”。

从这条时间线中，我们可以看到，来自中国和世界卫生组织的信号清晰明确，白宫内部收到情报和警告也足够警醒。

美国的卫生和情报部门全程监控疫情的发展态势，充分了解这场疫情可能带来的灾难，以及采取严厉防疫措施的必要性。

然而，特朗普政府却一次次忽视这些警告，固执地觉得一切都在掌控之中，将经济和政治利益置于国民生命安全之上。

从1月20日美国确诊首个病例到现在，3个月过去了，自诩“干得不错的”特朗普政府并没有控制住疫情，却让美国超78万人感染新冠肺炎，逾4万人死亡。

时间线还清楚显示出，特朗普对中国的态度经历了从赞赏到指责的转变，可见美国政府权衡利弊，终于决定将中国当做替罪羊，为自己的抗疫不力开脱。

但正如外交部发言人华春莹说的：“这些人试图制造出一只世界上最大的锅来甩给中国，让中国成为最大的替罪羊。但是这个锅太大了，对不起，他们甩不出去的。”

编辑：徐俊芳

责任编辑：李伶

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